Recommendation- Physic Classroom

I LOVE THIS WEBSITE Glenbrook- the Physic Classroom

Hammurabi Code of Laws (From Evansville)

The Code of Laws (Some interesting, painful ones...)

1. If any one ensnare another, putting a ban upon him, but he can not prove it, then he that ensnared him shall be put to death.

2. If any one bring an accusation against a man, and the accused go to the river and leap into the river, if he sink in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river prove that the accused is not guilty, and he escape unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser. (Talk about fairytales.)

110. If a "sister of a god" open a tavern, or enter a tavern to drink, then shall this woman be burned to death. (What is a sister of God? O___O)

148. If a man take a wife, and she be seized by disease, if he then desire to take a second wife he shall not put away his wife, who has been attacked by disease, but he shall keep her in the house which he has built and support her so long as she lives. (That's right!!!)

194. If a man give his child to a nurse and the child die in her hands, but the nurse unbeknown to the father and mother nurse another child, then they shall convict her of having nursed another child without the knowledge of the father and mother and her breasts shall be cut off. (OH MY OH MY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)

195. If a son strike his father, his hands shall be hewn off. (Ouchie.)

200. If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out. (An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. not good.)

218. If a physician make a large incision with the operating knife, and kill him, or open a tumor with the operating knife, and cut out the eye, his hands shall be cut off. (AHH!! Do NOT be a physician if you love your hands)

224. If a veterinary surgeon perform a serious operation on an ass or an ox, and cure it, the owner shall pay the surgeon one-sixth of a shekel as a fee. )Serious operation a butt, interesting... Buasir ka??)

266. If the animal be killed in the stable by God (an accident), or if a lion kill it, the herdsman shall declare his innocence before God, and the owner bears the accident in the stable. (Killed by God? How to prove??)

269. If he hire an ass for threshing, the hire is twenty ka of corn. (Wow, butts can do work???)

282. If a slave say to his master: "You are not my master," if they convict him his master shall cut off his ear. (Ouchie!!!)

Sejarah Chapter 1.2 Tamadun (Technical Facts)

TAMADUN

But before we explore this exciting, important topic (Not.), let's take a look at Ibn Khaldun, the guy so important that he has his own column in the sacred book of suffering, pain, torture History.

Full Name: Abd. Al-Rahman Ibn Muhammad.

Born in Tunisia (Tuna?? Did you say Tuna??)

Beliau merupakan pemikir yang unggul (Wow, he can actually do thinking better than us!!), sejarawan (I pity him.) dan ahli sosiologi Islam.

Ibn Khaldun menganggap bahawa kehidupan bandar ialah kehidupan bertamadun.

Kehidupan bandar terbentuk apabila lahir semangat assabiah (Nice word.) atau kekitaan. Hasilnya, wujud semangat bekerjasama dan saling membantu. (If so, then why all the violence in 'civilized cities' these days... Sobs...)

Penulisannya (He's a writer too!! Let's be friends!) banyak berasaskan pengalaman sebenar yang dilaluinya (For example, the horror pleasure of being a 'sejarawan',.

In his best work (Karya ulung), Muqaddimah, beliau telah menggunakan istilah umran (Umpan! Sounds like a song. UMPAN UHAHAHAH UMPAN) yang bermakna tanah yang didiami secara tetap, berkembang dan maju,

dan istilah hadarah (Darah?) yang bermakna hidup di bandar (kehidupan bander yang penuh dengan tatasusila, kesopanan dan moral yang tinggi.

MAKNA TAMADUN

:::bahasa Arab, mudun dan madain (Bubun dan Mandarins. Bubuns is love Mandarins.)

:::Madana- Tinggi budi bahasa dan pembukaan bandar.

:::Bahasa English- civilization daripada bahasa Greek, ialah civitas yang bermaksud bandar.

:::Peradaban

:::Gordon Childe- Pencapaian lahiriah merupakan kayu ukur kemajuan (Wow, metaphor) tamadun dalam sesebuah masyarakat

:::Darcy Riberio dan R.A. Buchanan (Hey, you, go back to your River Fruit Trees Tsoleum!!) pula menolak unsur rohaniah sebaliknya hanya menekankan kepentingan dan pembangunan lahiriah dalam proses perkembangan tamadun. (Bad boys *drags them to church*)

:::Syed Naquib al-Attas, tamadun ialah pencapaian tahap tatasusila yang tinggi dan kebudayaan yang luhur oleh sesebuah masyarakat. (Disokong oleh Richard Sullivan)

CIRI-CIRI TAMADUN

Oh. My. GOSH. So MANY WORDS. HAVE TO DECIPHER EACH WORD AND THINK UP INTERESTING STORIES AND WORDS. AHHHHH!!!!.... *faints*

In short:

1. Kewujudan petempatan kekal.

-Corak hidup yang lebih sistematik. (Ya meh? Why then, is Nana's room so messy?)

-Kelangsungan bekalan makanan.

2. Kehidupan berorganisasi

-aspek ekonomi, sosial dan politik

-memastikan sestabilan dan kemakmuran kehidupan

-sistem keluarga menjadi sistem pemerintahan menjadi sistem perundangan

3. Sistem Pemerintahan

- Terdapat pemerintah. (Easy kan?)

4. Penghukusan Perkerjaan

-Peningkatan dalam produktiviti

5. Agama dan kepercayaan

-berkait rapat dengan pengiktirafan terhadap golongan pemerintah, pembahagian sosial blah blah blah... (But agama is still very important, no matter how many blahs there are.)

6. Bahasa dan Sistem Tulisan

-sebahagian daripada perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan

-bahasa Tertua: Sanskrit dan Yunani

-Penyebaran ilmu pengetahuan dan perhubungan

-Penyimpanan rekod, penulisan undang-undang dan hal-hal keagamaan.

(Obviously, I think that bahasa dan sistem tulisan is the most important trait, wekeke)

PROSES PEMBENTUKAN TAMADUN

Proses pembentukan tamadun manusia (Manusia, bukan burung atau bubun atau mandarins) apabila wujud hubungan, iaitu penyesuaian antara manusia dengan alam sekelilingnya.

Manusia akan memilih kawasan yang memudahkan mereka menjalani kehidupan harian. (Human beings are always seeking for more comfort. sigh.)

Faktor-faktor pemilihan lokasi: Untuk adanya kemudahan untuk mendapat bekalan air, makanan, serta kemudahan pengangkutan dan perhubungan (So that they can meet their girlfriends and boyfriends. Just joking.

(Explore: Evansville textbook pg 9)

Sejarah Chapter 1.1 Zaman-Zaman

Zaman Paleolitik& Mesolitik (Also known as Zaman Poopy and Muppy)

NOMADS. (They are NOT MAD!!! That's why they move around like sensible people. At least, according to them.)

Not yet stayed permanantly, and does activities such as memburu binatang, memungut hasil hutan and menangkap ikan. (Which does not require them to stay in a place permanantly)

Zaman Neolitik (Also Known as Zaman Cikgu Neoh)

Starts to (menetap dalam kelompok yang BESAR.)

Poopy and Muppy only in small groups, but Neoh (Imagine hundreds of Cikgu Neoh) are in one, big, happy family. (One big happy disciplinary family).

Neoh is very smart and clever. They start to smoothen their skin sorry, I mean their alatan batu, and also starts to make beautiful decorations useful ceramic (Bahan tembikar) otherwise known as watermelon (tembikai) err, stuff.

Kehidupan menetap dan keupayaan menghasilkan bahan makanan melebihi keperluan telah melahirkan sistem pertukaran barang yang dikenali sebagai sistem barter

(Sistem Butter: Once upon a time, A cute little Neoh had too much butter, because she is a butter maker, and so she sold her butter to a butterless Neoh, who was a fish maker, and got some smelly fishies in return.)

Zaman Logam (Also Known as Logan, aka Wolverine from X-Men)

Logan has two children, Gangsa (Boy Wonder-Gangster) and Besi (Bessie the Cow).

These two children are very good superchildren, especially the Cow (besi), and 'menyebabkan manusia pada zaman ini (aka Little Logans) berjaya mereka cipta perahu dan rumah (To battle eviel!!)

'Dengan perahu, manusia dapat meneroka lautan dan meningkatkan kegiatan perdagangan maritim' (Konon. Just say 'battle EVIEL' lah...)

During that 'zaman', 'di sesetengah kawasan telah muncul petempatan besar dan kota pertahanan. (SEE!! Kota pertahanan, means that there WAS war between guud and EVIEL! Well, okay, no evidence in history, but still!!)

Petempatan besar ini kemudiannya telah berkembang menjadi bandar atau kota. (Kota Kinabalu, we larb you!!)

Contoh dua buah bandar purba: Jericho di Jordan (8000s.m) dan Catal Huyuk di Turki (6500s.m)

Other facts:

Artifak: Barang yang dicipta manusia

Feature: Struktur bangunan atau tinggalan yang tidak dapat diubah atau dipindahkan

Ekofak: Tinggalan seperti sisa makanan, tumbuh-tumbuhan dan tulang (Boleh reput)

Selain sistem butter Barter, pertukaran barang dagangan juga melibatkan cangkerang siput gerus (COWRIE- they named this after Bessie the Cow the superkid) sebagai nilai tukaran dagangan. (At least Cowries are prettier than the new RM50 note... Urgh.)

Di Tanah Besar Asia Tenggara, Zaman Logan Logam muncul pada sekitar tahun 1000-1500 S.M.. Ini terbukti dengan penemuan artifak gendang gangsa yang dihasilkan di Dongson (East Sun??), Vietnam Utara.

Logans (People in Zaman Logam) telah mengetahui cara mengebumikan mayat dengan iringan bekal kubur seperti tembikar, makanan, alatan besi dan sebagainya. (Give me marshmellows!!)

Conclusion: The development of human beings from Poopy and Muppy until Logan, and then finally, TAMADUN!!!

Scalar and Vector Quantities

Lol, scalar is something without direction like kg, m3 those. while vector is quantity with direction, kgms-1 those (quoted Chikkien)

Yeah, I think I finally got it now, after cikgu Bevina's first, real lesson.

Scalar and Vector Quantities

Figure One

Scalar Quantities

Most of the physical quantities encountered in physics are either scalar or vector quantities.

A scalar quantity is defined as a quantity that has magnitude only.

Typical examples of scalar quantities are time, speed, temperature, and volume.

A scalar quantity or parameter has no directional component, only magnitude.

For example, the units for time (minutes, days, hours, etc.) represent an amount of time only and tell nothing of direction.

Additional examples of scalar quantities are density, mass, and energy.

Vector Quantities (AHA! Vectoring comes from here!)

A vector quantity is defined as a quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

To work with vector quantities, one must know the method for representing these quantities.

Magnitude, or "size" of a vector, is also referred to as the vector's "displacement."

It can be thought of as the scalar portion of the vector and is represented by the length of the vector.

By definition, a vector has both magnitude and direction.

Direction indicates how the vector is oriented relative to some reference axis, as shown in Figure One.

Using north/south and east/west reference axes, vector "A" is oriented in the NE quadrant with a direction of 45 north of the o EW axis.

G iving direction to scalar "A" makes it a vector. The length of "A" is representative of its magnitude or displacement.

In short...

Scalar Quantities: Length, area, distance, work, temperature, time, volume, speed, energy, density

Vector Quantities: Displacement, Velocity, Force, Acceleration, Momentum

Magnitude is defined as... (Wiki)

The magnitude of a mathematical object is its size: a property by which it can be larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind; in technical terms, an ordering of the class of objects to which it belongs. (Huh?)

Direction is defined as... (Wiki)

Direction is the information contained in the relative position of one point with respect to another point without the distance information (Distance is Scalar).

Directions may be either relative to some indicated reference (the violins in a full orchestra are typically seated to the left of the conductor), or absolute according to some previously agreed upon frame of reference (New York City lies due west of Madrid).

I really, really don't understand this. But I shall keep on trying until I do. There are two teachers who are very convicted that girls CAN'T SUCCEED IN PHYSICS and I so wanna prove them WRONG.

Seven Basic Quatities

The international system of units
Or Physics seven (7) Basic quantities

1. Length (meter) -m
   

2. Mass (kilogram) -kg
   

3. Time (second) -s
   

4. Electric current (ampere) -A
   

5. Thermodynamic temperature (kelvin) -K
   

6. Amount of substance (mole) (You shall learn this in chemT/B pg 30) -mol
   

7. Luminous intensity (candela) -cd

Good Physics Website

http://www.physics.org/

Principle of Inertia

Isaac Newton's First Law of Motion states that: Every object continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion unless it is acted upon by an external force.

Which means that, if something is moving, then it will keep on moving until something else stops it (Usually friction against air particles).

Or if something is stationary, then it will not move until something else moves it (Wind, or a itchy foot)

Inertia as defined by Wiki: Inertia is a non-quantifiable property of matter by which it remains at rest or in uniform motion in the same straight line unless acted upon by some external force.

Or defined by textbook as: Property of the mass of a body which resists change from its state of rest or motion.

The larger the mass of the object, the larger its inertia.

Refer to phyT/B pg31 and 32.

Formula for solving quadratic equations

How to remember the formula to solve quadratic equations: (Taught by Cikgu Lo Fui Shu)

It's a double-story house. On the second floor, there is a balcony.

First, you need a railing, in case someone falls out. (The negative sign)

Second, is the baby (Unknown b)

Then there's the window. (Plus-Minus sign)

Then the roof. (Square root)

Inside is another baby. (Unknown b)

With the musical thingy above it. (Square)

And then another railing, to keep the baby from running around. (Negative sign)

Beside the baby are 4 (Number 4) Ah Ma's (Unknown a)

Who 'see' (Unknown c) over the baby.

On the first floor are another 2 (Number 2) Ah Ma's (Unknown a).

Conclusion?

Six very lazy Ah Ma's who imprison babies inside railings and a very rich family that can afford 6 lazy Ah Ma's.

Sonnet 18- Answers to 12/2

Answers to homework(Accuracy NOT guaranteed):

1. What is the main theme in the poem?

-The main theme in the poem, Sonnet 18, is beauty, youth, life and death. Beauty can fade over time, and youth is temporary. However, beauty can live on by immortalizing it in poetry. (I prefer this one than teacher's)

2. How does the poet describe a summer's day?

-The poet describes a summer's day as the sun being too hot sometimes, with rough winds. He also describes a summer's day as being too short. In a nutshell, a summer's day is imperfect to the poet.

3. Why does the poet compare his beloved to a summer's day?

-The poet compares his beloved to a summer's day to express her loveliness. A summer's day is generally extremely lovely and beautiful, thus, the poet uses this as a comparison, to express that his beloved was even more beautiful than a summer's day.

4. What does 'the eye of heaven' refer to?

- 'The eye of heaven' refers to the sun.

5. What will cause 'the fair' in line 7 to decline?

-'The fair' will decline due to chance, or to the nature's way of changing the seasons, or by being left alone and not taken care of.

6. What do the 'rough winds' do to the 'darling buds of May'?

- 'The rough winds' would shake and blow at the 'darling buds of May'.

7. What does the 'gold complexion' refer to?

-'The gold complexion' refers to the sun's light, or sunshine. The sun is sometimes clouded, thus the line, 'And often is his gold complexion dimm'd'

8. What does the phrase, 'eternal lines' refer to?

-The phrase, 'eternal lines', refers to lines of poetry.

Facilitated Diffusion- Carrier Protein

Carrier Protein

Lipid; Villi

Lipids are broadly defined as any fat-soluble (lipophilic), naturally-occurring moleculoes, such as fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.

The main biological functions of lipids include energy storage, acting as structural components of cell membranes, and participating as important signaling molecules.

Villi (OMG so GROSS!!!!!!!!!!!!!)

Cikgu Anisa gave us a research to do, and here is what I have to do for my group: How food is absorbed in the villi of the small intestine. I looked it up in Google.

The small intestine is the site where most of the nutrients from ingested food are absorbed and is covered in wrinkles or folds called plicae circulares.

These are considered permanent features in the wall of the organ.They are distinct from rugae which are considered non-permanent or temporary allowing for distention and contraction.

From the plicae circulares are projected microscopic finger-like pieces of tissue called villi (The latin word meaning "shaggy hair").

The small intestine is lined with simple columnar epithelial tissue. The epithelial cells also have finger-like projections known as microvilli.

The function of the plicae circulares, the villi and the microvilli is to increase the amount of surface area available for secretion of enzymes and absorption of nutrients.

The purpose of these wrinkles and projections is to increase surface area for absorption of nutrients.

Each villus is covered in microvilli, which increase the surface area manyfold.

(The above are not important. However, they are relevant so I just put them up.)

ABSORBTION

Each villus contains a lacteal and capillaries. The lacteal absorbs the digested fat into the lymphatic system which will eventually drain into the circulatory system. The capillaries absorb all other digested nutrients.

The surface of the cells on the microvilli are covered with a water layer, which has a number of functions in absorption of nutrients.

• Water and lipids are absorbed by passive diffusion throughout. (Passive Diffusion not taught yet)
  
  
• Sodium is absorbed by active transport. (See bioT/B pg 46)
  
  
• Fructose is absorbed by facilitated diffusion. (See bioT/B pg 45)
  Lacteal
  (The cross, white thing in the very middle) (Picture: Transverse section of a villus, from the human intestine.)

  A lacteal is a lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine.

  The combination of fat and lymph in the lacteals is milky in appearance and called chyle. Individual lacteals merge to form larger lymphatic vessels that transport the fats to the thoracic duct which empties into the left subclavian vein.

  At this point, the fats are in the bloodstream. They can be converted to lipoproteins (HDL, LDL or VLDL) in the liver or be transported to tissues throughout the body and stored in adipose cells as triglycerides.

  
  
  Villus (Plural: Villi)
  Intestinal villi are tiny, finger-like structures that protrude from the wall of the intestine and have additional extensions called microvilli (singular: microvillus) which protrude from epithelial cells lining villi.
  They increase the absorptive area of the intestinal wall.
  It is important that the food is absorbed at a considerably fast rate so as to allow more food to be absorbed.
  (If the process is too slow, the concentration of the blood in the blood vessels and the food will be equal, thus, diffusion will not occur. Remember, need a region of high concentration and low concentration. If both sides have the same concentration, diffusion will not occur.)
  Digested nutrients (including sugars and amino acids) pass into the villi through diffusion. Circulating blood then carries these nutrients away.
  Function of villus:

  In all humans, the villi and microvilli together increase intestinal absorptive surface area 30-fold and 600-fold, respectively, providing exceptionally efficient absorption of nutrients in the lumen.

  This increases the surface area of the intestine to around the area of a small parking lot or a tennis court.

  There are also enzymes on the surface for digestion. Villus capillaries collect amino acids and simple sugars taken up by the villi into the blood stream. Villus lacteals (See above) collect absorbed fatty acids.

Introduction

I have been struggling with my studies recently, and every time I go online to blog, I feel so guilty...

But then, why now blog about my studies?

So, this is how Bestarian'92s work. :)

Everytime there is something interesting, or something that I wanna discuss, or, simply something that I wanna blog about (I'm the owner of this blog, bluek), I shall blog it.

Because I want to.

Because I am the owner of this blog.

Bwahahaha. *evil laugh*

I am considering allowing this blog to have co-authors (Co-authors can also post stuff on the blog) but we'll see.

For now, I shall enjoy being online and studying at the same time. :)

So, if you have any comments or anything that you want to say about my posts, you are welcomed to give it in.

The chatbox in this blog is for your convenience, so that you do not need to sign in, or open a new window, just to leave a short comment.

In time, I will find some of the 'si-fu's of certain subjects and crown them co-author, to blog about that certain subject (Such as, Terence for additional mathematics or Bahasa Melayu for Nana.)

Happy Studying. :)